Stuttering in Children 

As toddlers and preschoolers start to speak more, they might experience occasional stumbling over their words, which can raise questions about Stuttering. As a parent, how can you differentiate between normal speech development and signs of a potential concern? Keep reading to find out about the stuttering problem, causes and treatment. 

Commonality 
Approximately 5% of children may experience disfluencies at some stage of their development, typically occurring between the ages of 2 ½ and 5. 

What is Stuttering? 

Stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by interruptions in the smooth flow or “fluency” of speech, known as “disfluencies.” All speakers may experience disfluencies in certain situations, such as nervousness, stress, fatigue, or when using complex language. However, stuttering represents a distinct form of disfluency where individuals tend to exhibit more interruptions in speech compared to others. People who stutter may develop negative perceptions and thoughts about their speech and themselves due to their speaking challenges. 

Typically, stuttering emerges in early childhood when speech and language skills are developing rapidly alongside other aspects of learning. This onset generally occurs between the ages of 2 and 5, and the severity of stuttering can vary significantly from day to day and month to month. In many cases, stuttering resolves spontaneously over time. 

What are the causes of Stuttering? 

The exact cause of stuttering is still unclear, but researchers believe that individuals who stutter may have minor abnormalities in the brain connections that control speech production. 

Other stuttering causes may also include genetic components or factors present in the families. Studies involving twins have further demonstrated that identical twins are more likely to stutter compared to fraternal twins, indicating a genetic influence on stuttering. 

What are the indications of Stuttering? 

Symptoms of stuttering can exhibit variability throughout the day and across different situations. Your child’s symptoms might include: 

• Repetition of sounds, syllables, or words, such as repeating a sound like “W-W-W-What.” 
• Prolongation of sounds, for instance, “SSSSend.” 
• Using interjections like “um” or “like,” as in “I am going – um um like…” 
• Speaking slowly or with frequent pauses. 
• Experiencing stopped or blocked speech, where the mouth opens to speak but no words come out. 
• Feeling out of breath or nervous while speaking. 
• Displaying rapid eye blinking or trembling or shaking lips during speech. 

• Experiencing increased stuttering when tired, excited, or stressed. 
• Feeling afraid or hesitant to engage in speech. 

What are the types of Stuttering? 

There are various types of stuttering: 

• Developmental stuttering: This is the most prevalent type of stuttering in children, typically occurring between the ages of 2 and 5. It often arises when a child’s speech and language development lags their desire or need to communicate effectively. 
• Neurogenic stuttering: Neurogenic stuttering may occur following a stroke or brain injury, resulting from signal disruptions between the brain and the nerves and muscles involved in speech production. 
• Psychogenic stuttering: Psychogenic stuttering is less common and may arise following emotional trauma or in conjunction with cognitive impairments affecting thinking or reasoning abilities. 

What does Stuttering treatment involve? 

There are two primary approaches to treating stuttering in young children: 

• Indirect Treatment: This approach involves educating parents on how to modify their communication styles to support their child’s speech development. This approach has proven effective in reducing or eliminating stuttering in many young children. 
• Direct Treatment: This method involves speech-language pathologists working directly with children, either individually or in small groups. They teach specific speech strategies to help ease into words and reduce tension during stuttering episodes. Additionally, direct treatment may involve helping children differentiate between smooth (fluent) and bumpy (stuttered) speech. 

After the age of 7, it is less likely that stuttering will resolve on its own. However, treatment can still be highly effective in helping children manage stuttering effectively. It equips them with skills to navigate challenging situations such as teasing and bullying and enables them to fully participate in school and other activities. For older children, speech therapy remains beneficial, encouraged, and effective in reducing the severity and impact of stuttering. 

What does research say? 

Based on current data, it is estimated that approximately 75-80% of children who experience stuttering during their development will naturally recover. 

How to stop stuttering at home – What can parents do? 

Here are some ways parents can support their child’s speech development: 

• Reduce communication stress: Reframing questions as comments can be effective (e.g., saying, “You played outside today at school. It must have been fun!” instead of “What did you do at school?”). Parents should also try to minimize situations that trigger their child’s stuttering. 
• Talk about it: If children are aware of their stuttering, it’s best to discuss it openly and positively. Let them know that having “bumpy speech” is okay. If a child doesn’t seem aware of the issue, it’s not necessary to bring it up until consulting with a speech-language pathologist. 
• Practice patience: Allow children ample time to express themselves without rushing or interrupting them. Avoid instructing them to “slow down” or “think about what you want to say,” as such phrases are generally unhelpful for children who stutter. 
• Model good speech habits: While directly instructing a child on how to speak is not recommended, parents can demonstrate helpful speech habits, such as speaking slowly and clearly. 

Resolve your child’s Stuttering issues with our expert team at Neuropedia 

Our dedicated professionals at Neuropedia Neuroscience Center specialize in diagnosing and treating speech disorders, including stuttering, in children. By providing comprehensive evaluations and personalized treatment plans, we aim to support your child in overcoming their challenges with speech fluency. With our guidance and expertise, we empower families to navigate stuttering with confidence and develop effective communication strategies. 

Contact Neuropedia today to embark on a journey towards improved speech and enhanced confidence for your child.